> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://jamesbrayy.gitbook.io/atar/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://jamesbrayy.gitbook.io/atar/literature/close-reading.md).

# close reading

***

## **dominant-only format**

#### *introduction*

* Read literally, this *\[placement]* excerpt from *\[author]*'s *\[year]* *\[genre]* \[text type] *\[name]* details *\[literal reading]*.
* However, upon reading for a deeper meaning, the text reveals itself as an exploration of *\[dominant reading]*
* This reading is chiefly articulated through *\[author]*'s manipulation of *\[techniques]*.

#### *paragraphs*

* The \[type of technique] of *\[techniques]* are integral in the development of the idea that *\[aspect of dominant reading]*.
* Underpinned by *\[author]*'s application of *\[techniques]*, the text effectively forwards the idea that *\[aspect of dominant reading]*.
* The concept of *\[aspect of dominant reading]* is developed in *\[name]* through the integration of *\[techniques]*

#### *conclusion*

* A thorough close reading of this excerpt from *\[author]*'s *\[year]* *\[genre]* text *\[name]* highlights how the author illustrates *\[dominant reading]* through its use of *\[techniques]*.
* *\[waffle]*

## **with alternate reading**

#### *introduction*

* Read literally, this *\[placement]* excerpt from *\[author]*'s *\[year]* *\[genre]* text *\[name]* details *\[literal reading]*.
* However, upon reading for a deeper meaning, the text reveals an exploration of *\[dominant reading]*
* This reading is chiefly developed through *\[author]*'s manipulation of *\[techniques]*.
* Furthermore, by adopting a *\[reading theory]* perspective, an alternate reading of the text as *\[alternate reading]* emerges, substantiated by the use of *\[techniques]*.

#### *paragraphs*

* The *\[type of technique]* of *\[techniques]* are integral in the development of the idea that *\[aspect of dominant reading]*.
* Underpinned by *\[author]*'s application of *\[techniques]*, the text effectively forwards the idea that *\[aspect of dominant reading]*.
* Shifting focus from the dominant reading, the text constructs a nuanced *\[reading theory]* interpretation by employing *\[techniques]*. This alternate reading highlights *\[alternate reading]*, expanding the analytical scope of the text.

#### *conclusion*

* A thorough close reading of this *\[placement]* excerpt from *\[author]*'s *\[year]* *\[genre]* text *\[name]* highlights how the author illustrates *\[dominant reading]* through their manipulation of *\[techniques]*.
* *\[waffle]*
* Additionally, the alternate reading provided by applying a *\[reading theory]* lens offers a deeper interpretation of the text in *\[alternate reading]*.
* *\[waffle more]*

## **reading theories**

#### *ideological frameworks*

* **modernist:** a literary and cultural paradigm privileging formal experimentation, epistemic certainty, and the autonomous subject; it asserts the possibility of objective knowledge and truth within a coherent framework.
* **existentialist:** a philosophical and literary approach asserting that human existence precedes essence, foregrounding individual freedom, ethical responsibility, and the creation of meaning in an inherently meaningless world.
* **post-modernist:** a critical and theoretical stance that rejects universal narratives and absolute truths, emphasising textual instability, intertextuality, and the contingency of meaning.
* **marxist:** an analytical framework interpreting texts and social phenomena in terms of material conditions, class relations, modes of production, and the dynamics of economic and ideological power.
* **structuralist:** a methodology that investigates the deep, often unconscious, relational systems—such as language, myth, or social codes—that structure human experience and determine meaning.
* **deconstructivist:** a critical practice aimed at revealing inherent instabilities, contradictions, and hierarchical oppositions in texts, demonstrating that meaning is contingent, deferred, and non-fixed.

#### *psychoanalytic approaches*

* **sigmund freud**
  * ego, superego, and id as psychic structures
  * defence mechanisms:
    * idealisation
    * reaction formation
    * denial
    * repetition compulsion
* **jaques lacan**
  * desire structured around lack
  * projection of desires
  * concept of object petit a
* **carl jung**
  * collective unconscious
  * archetypes
* **alfred adler**
  * inferiority complex
  * striving for superiority

## **sound devices**

![](/files/3rnJP0M89q4kQZXL1O1i)